Univ. of Adelaide researchers have developed a new nanomaterial that could help reduce carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power stations.

The new nanomaterial, described in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, efficiently separates the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from nitrogen, the other significant component of the waste gas released by coal-fired power stations. This would allow the carbon dioxide to be separated before being stored, rather than released to the atmosphere.

“A considerable amount of Australia’s—and the world’s—carbon dioxide emissions come from coal-fired power stations,” says Assoc. Prof. Christopher Sumby, project leader and ARC Future Fellow in the Univ.’s School of Chemistry and Physics.

“Removing carbon dioxide from the flue gas mixture is the focus of a lot of research. Most of Australia’s energy generation still comes from coal. Changing to cleaner energies is not that straightforward but, if we can clean up the emissions, we’ve got a great stop-gap technology.”

The researchers have produced a new absorbent material, called a ‘metal-organic framework’, which has “remarkable selectivity” for separating carbon dioxide from nitrogen.

“It is like a sponge but at a nanoscale,” says Sumby. “The material has small pores that gas molecules can fit into—a carbon dioxide molecule fits but a nitrogen molecule is slightly too big. That’s how we separate them.”

Other methods of separating carbon dioxide from nitrogen are energy-intensive and expensive. This material has the potential to be more energy efficient. It’s easy to regenerate (removing the carbon dioxide) for reuse, with small changes in temperature or pressure.

“This material could be used as it is but there are probably smarter ways to implement the benefits,” says Sumby.

“One of the next steps we’re pursuing is taking the material in powder form and dispersing it in a membrane. That may be more practical for industrial use.”

Source: Univ. of Adelaide