Quelling the Casimir Quantum Mechanical Force 

MEMS used to detect the presence of the Casimir Force. Photo courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory

Scientists are developing a way to control the Casimir force, a quantum mechanical force which attracts objects when they are only a hundred nanometers apart.

“The Casimir force is so small that most experimentation has dealt simply with its characteristics,” said Derrick Mancini, interim director of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory Center for Nanoscale Materials. “If we can control this force or make it repulsive, it can have dramatic effects on the development of nanoelectromechanical systems.”

Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are nano-meter size mechanical devices that can be used for actuation or sensing at the nano-scale. Many NEMS devices are currently being developed for unique applications in sensing, telecommunications, signal processing and data storage. In the macro world, the Casimir force is so small that it can barely be detected. However, at the nanoscale, it becomes a quantum effect that scientists cannot currently control.

“As characteristic device dimensions shrink to the nanoscale, the effects of the attractive Casimir force become more pronounced, making very difficult to control nano-devices. This is a technological challenge that needs to be addressed before the full potential of NEMS devices can be demonstrated,” scientist Daniel Lopez said. “The goal is to not only limit its attractive properties, but also to make it repulsive. A repulsive force acting at the nano-scale would allow engineers to design novel NEMS devices capable of frictionless motion through nanolevitation.”

The approach to controlling this force involves nanostructuring the interacting surfaces to tune the effects of the Casimir force.

Argonne National Laboratory was recently selected by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to develop mechanisms to control and manipulate the Casimir force. This program will be developed in close partnership with Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) and Los Alamos National Laboratory.