Unique New Sea Snake Species has Raised Scales

Scientists have discovered a new species of sea snake in the Gulf of Carpenteria, northern Australia, which is unique in having raised scales.

Associate Professor Bryan Fry from The University of Queensland’s (UQ) School of Biological Sciences said that Hydrophis donaldii had evaded earlier discovery, as it prefers estuarine habitats that are poorly surveyed and not targeted by commercial fisheries.

“Weipa really is one of the last sea snake ‘Serengetis’. We can see over 200 sea snakes in a single night’s hunting, whereas sea snake populations have really crashed elsewhere through over-fishing removing their prey, and also the snakes drowning in trawling nets,” Fry said.

Fry said the findings extend beyond simply discovering a rare animal. Published in Zootaxa by Fry and colleagues from The University of Adelaide, they will provide important clues about evolution.

“All venomous animals are bio-resources and have provided sources of many life-saving medications, such as treatments for high-blood pressure and diabetes. This reinforces why we need to conserve all of nature, as the next billion dollar wonder-drug may come from as unlikely a source as sea snake venom,” he explained.

The snake has been given the scientific name Hydrophis donaldii to honor Fry’s long-time boat captain David Donald.

“Quite simply, we would not have found this snake without Dave’s unique knowledge of the area. I told him we wanted to survey as many distinct types of habitat as possible, and he guided us to the perfect spots,” Fry said.

The snake has been given the common-name ‘rough-scaled sea snake’ to reflect the unique scalation.

“We don’t know why it has been evolutionarily selected to have such unique scalation, but we will next study its ecology to learn more about it,” Fry said.