More good news for chocolate lovers. Italian researchers have found dark chocolate enriched with extra virgin olive oil was associated with an improved cardiovascular risk profile.
The research was presented at the European Society of Cardiology meeting.
“A healthy diet is known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease,” said lead author Dr Rossella Di Stefano, a cardiologist at the University of Pisa, Italy. “Fruits and vegetables exert their protective effects through plant polyphenols, which are found in cocoa, olive oil, and apples. Research has found that the Italian Panaia red apple has very high levels of polyphenols and antioxidants.”
The researchers augmented dark chocolate with either Panaia red apple or olive oil to test their association with the progression of atherosclerosis in healthy individuals with cardiovascular risk factors.
The randomized crossover study included 26 people with at least three cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, or family history of cardiovascular disease). The study participants received 40 grams of dark chocolate daily for 28 days. For 14 consecutive days it contained 10 percent extra virgin olive oil and for 14 consecutive days it contained 2.5 percent Panaia red apple. The two types of chocolate were given in random order.
Progression of atherosclerosis was assessed by metabolic changes (levels of carnitine and hippurate), lipid profile, blood pressure and levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). EPCs are critical for vascular repair and maintenance of endothelial function.
Urine and blood samples were collected at baseline and after the intervention. Urine samples were analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for endogenous metabolites. Circulating EPC levels were assessed with flow cytometry. Smoking status, body mass index, blood pressure, glycaemia and lipid profile were also monitored.
Post tests revealed that the chocolate enriched with olive oil was associated with significantly increased ECP levels along with decreased carnitine and hippurate levels compared to both baseline and after consumption of the apple-enriched chocolate.
In addition, the olive oil-enriched chocolate was associated with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased blood pressure.
“We found that small daily portions of dark chocolate with added natural polyphenols from extra virgin olive oil was associated with an improved cardiovascular risk profile,” said Di Stefano. “Our study suggests that extra virgin olive oil might be a good food additive to help preserve our ‘repairing cells’, the EPC.”
