To successfully reduce the United
States’ dependence on fuels from outside North America,
the government must pursue policies that foster the diversion of Canadian oil
sands crude to U.S. Gulf Coast refineries, according to a new study by Rice University’s
Baker Institute for Public Policy.
The study calculates that this move would reduce the U.S. trade deficit through increased trade with Canada. The
additional carbon dioxide emitted during the sands’ extraction and refinement
can be offset by promoting the replacement of coal with gas in electricity
generation. This recommendation comes within the context of recent discoveries
of natural gas in the U.S.,
developments in technology for the exploitation of Canadian oil sand that
dramatically changed the liquid-fuels market in North
America and the world as well as debates over the Keystone
pipeline project.
The paper was co-authored by two Rice Scholars at the Baker
Institute: Dagobert Brito, Rice’s Peterkin Professor of Political Economy, and
Robert Curl, Rice’s Pitzer-Schlumberger Professor Emeritus of Natural Sciences
and professor emeritus of chemistry.
“The market for petroleum is global,” the authors wrote. “Canada will produce oil from the sands
regardless of any U.S.
policies. It is less expensive for Canada to use U.S. Gulf ports to
market their oil. This oil will create jobs in the U.S.
petrochemical industry and would be a secure source of oil for the United States
were world oil markets to be disrupted.” The authors also said that Canada is the United
States’ largest trading partner and that experts estimate
more than 50% of Canadian income from the sale of oil would be spent in the U.S., which
would have a substantial impact on the federal balance of payments.
To address climate change-related concerns over the
additional carbon dioxide associated with Canadian oil sand production, the
study’s calculations demonstrate that the replacement of coal electricity
generation with gas would do much to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the U.S. and is the
least expensive way to pursue a reduction. “The present glut in the gas market
is a golden opportunity to push this change by adding a limit in terms of
metric tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour through adding carbon dioxide
to the pollutant list for electricity generation plants, and gradually
tightening it,” the authors said.
In summary, the authors wrote, “We believe concern about
additional carbon dioxide emissions from Canadian oil sands production is
misplaced. The strategic advantage of access to this resource far outweighs the
extra carbon dioxide from its production, as this carbon dioxide can be more
economically offset elsewhere in the economy. Effective government policy would
encourage the development of the Canadian oil sands and the mitigation of the
carbon dioxide emissions.”
Key related facts, according to the U.S. Energy Information
Administration:
- The amount of natural gas that can be recovered in the U.S. is 2,100 trillion cubic feet, enough to
supply the U.S.
for about 90 years at current consumption rates. - Currently, U.S.
oil production is 5.5 million barrels a day, of which 1.7 million barrels a day
are from Gulf of Mexico offshore production. - Canadian oil sands reserves are estimated to be about 170
billion barrels of oil—second only to Saudi Arabia and enough to supply 5
billion barrels a day for more than 90 years.
Source: Rice University
